NMNH: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder. 2. Bontac is a very first manufacture in the world to produce the NMNH powder on the level of high purity, stability. 3. Exclusive “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99%) and stability of production of NMNH powder 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMNH powder 5. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NADH: 1. Bonzyme whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology, purity up higher than 98 % 3. Special patented process crystal form, higher stability 4. Obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality 5. 8 domestic and foreign NADH patents, leading the industry 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NAD: 1. “Bonzyme” Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Stable supplier of 1000+ enterprises around the world 3. Unique “Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, higher product content and higher conversion rate 4. Freeze drying technology to ensure stable product quality 5. Unique crystal technology, higher product solubility 6. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products
NMN: 1. “Bonzyme”Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues 2. Exclusive“Bonpure”seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99.9%) and stability 3. Industrial leading technology: 15 domestic and international NMN patents 4. Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products 5. Multiple in vivo studies show that Bontac NMN is safe and effective 6. Provide one-stop product solution customization service 7. NMN raw material supplier of famous David Sinclair team of Harvard University
Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (hereafter referred to as BONTAC) is a high-tech enterprise established in July 2012. BONTAC integrates R&D, production and sales, with enzyme catalysis technology as the core and coenzyme and natural products as main products. There are six major series of products in BONTAC, involving coenzymes, natural products, sugar substitutes, cosmetics, dietary supplements and medical intermediates.
As the leader of the global NMN industry, BONTAC has the first whole-enzyme catalysis technology in China. Our coenzyme products are widely used in health industry, medical & beauty, green agriculture, biomedicine and other fields. BONTAC adheres to independent innovation, with more than 170 invention patents. Different from the traditional chemical synthesis and fermentation industry, BONTAC has advantages of green low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology. What’s more, BONTAC has established the first coenzyme engineering technology research center at the provincial level in China which also is the sole in Guangdong Province.
In the future, BONTAC will focus on its advantages of green, low-carbon and high-value-added biosynthesis technology, and build ecological relationship with academia as well as upstream/downstream partners, continuously leading the synthetic biological industry and creating a better life for human beings.
The main methods of NADH powder preparation include extraction, fermentation, fortification, biosynthesis and organic matter synthesis. Compared with other preparations, the whole enzyme become the mainstream method owing to the advantages of pollution free, high level of purity and stability.
Improved energy levels
Not only does NADH act as an important coenzyme in aerobic respiration, the [H] of NADH also carries a large amount of energy. Studies have demonstrated that extracellular use of NADH promotes increased intracellular ATP levels, suggesting that NADH penetrates cell membranes and elevates intracellular energy levels. On a macro level, exogenous supplementation of NADH helps to restore energy and enhance appetite. The increase in energy levels in the brain also helps to improve mental performance and sleep quality. NADH has been used overseas to improve chronic fatigue syndrome, increase exercise endurance, jet lag and other areas.
Cellular protection
NADH is a strong antioxidant that naturally occurs in cells and reacts with free radicals to inhibit lipid peroxidation, protecting mitochondrial membranes and mitochondrial function. It has been found that NADH can reduce oxidative stress in cells caused by various factors such as radiation, drugs, toxic substances, strenuous exercise and ischemia, thus protecting vascular endothelial cells, hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and neurons. Therefore, injectable or oral NADH is used clinically to improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and as an adjunct to cancer radiotherapy. Topical NADH has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rosacea and contact dermatitis.
Promotion of neurotransmitter production
Studies have shown that NADH significantly promotes the production of the neurotransmitter dopamine, a chemical signal that is essential for short-term memory, involuntary movements, muscle tone and spontaneous physical responses. It also mediates the release of growth hormone and determines muscle movement. Without sufficient dopamine, muscles become stiff. Parkinson's disease, for example, is caused in part by a disruption of dopamine synthesis in brain cells. Preliminary clinical data suggest that NADH can help improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease [9]. NADH also promotes the biosynthesis of norepinephrine and serotonin, showing good potential for use in the relief of depression and Alzheimer's disease.
1、“Bonzyme”Whole-enzymatic method, environmental-friendly, no harmful solvent residues manufacturing powder
2、Exclusive“Bonpure” seven-step purification technology, high purity(up to 99%) and stability of production of NADH powder
3、Self-owned factories and obtained a number of international certifications to ensure high quality and stable supply of products of NMN powder
4、Provide one-stop product solution customization service
NADH is synthesized by the body and thus is not an essential nutrient. It does require the essential nutrient nicotinamide for its synthesis, and its role in energy production is certainly an essential one. In addition to its role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADH is produced in the cytosol. The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, and this permeability barrier effectively separates the cytoplasmic from the mitochondrial NADH pools. However, cytoplasmic NADH can be used for biologic energy production. This occurs when the malate-aspartate shuttle introduces reducing equivalents from NADH in the cytosol to the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. This shuttle mainly occurs in the liver and heart.
The action of supplemental NADH is unclear. Oral NADH supplementation has been used to combat simple fatigue as well as such mysterious and energy-sapping disorders as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Researchers are also studying the value of NADH supplements for improving mental function in people with Alzheimer's disease, and minimizing physical disability and relieving depression in people with Parkinson's disease. Some healthy individuals also take NADH supplements orally to improve concentration and memory capacity, as well as to increase athletic endurance. However, to date there have been no published studies to indicate that using NADH is in any way effective or safe for these purposes
First, inspect the factory. After some screening, NADH companies that directly face consumers pay more attention to brand building. Therefore, for a good brand, quality is the most important thing, and the first thing to control the quality of raw materials is to inspect the factory. Bontac company actually manufacturing NADH powder of high quality with the caterias of SGS. Secondly, the purity is tested. Purity is one of the most important parameters of NMN powder. If high purity NMN cannot be guaranteed, the remaining substances are likely to exceed the relevant standards. As the attached certificates demonstrates that the NADH powder produced by Bontac reach the purity of 99%. Finally, a professional test spectrum is needed to prove it. Common methods for determining the structure of an organic compound include Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Usually through the analysis of these two spectra, the structure of the compound can be preliminarily determined.
Introduction Ginsenoside Rh2, one protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type rare ginsenoside in Panax ginseng, is uncovered to possibly have broad-spectrum pharmacological activity in diversified tumors. It is utilized as an adjuvant drug for preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and rescue treatment of advanced cancer, which has been a research hotspot in recent years. Current states on cancer therapies Cancer has emerged as the second largest cause for death across the world, with approximately 9.6 million cancer-related deaths in 2018, in accordance with the statistical report by World Health Organization (WHO). Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery are the preferred option for cancer, whose efficacy is however limited by the tumor relapse and drug resistance, requiring a patch such as adjuvant drugs to fix the bug. For anticancer treatment, over 60% of the approved and pre-new drug application candidates are natural products or synthetic molecules based upon natural product molecular skeletons. Strikingly, ginsenosides act as a promising therapeutic target by virtue of its pharmacological activities such as immune adjustment, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, and protection of the heart and cerebral vessels. 20(S) ginsenoside Rh2 vs. 20(R) ginsenoside Rh2 There are two stereoisomeric forms of ginsenoside Rh2, namely 20(S) ginsenoside Rh2 and 20(R) ginsenoside Rh2. Relative to the (20R) ginsenoside Rh2, (20S) ginsenoside Rh2 has higher cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. In a previously reported study, the half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 20(S) ginsenoside Rh2 and 20(R) ginsenoside Rh2 in A549 cells are 45.7 and 53.6 µM, respectively. The underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rh2 against tumor Mechanically, the anti-tumor effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are realized by enhancing the body’s immune activity to regulate microenvironment, inhibiting differentiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, inducing the apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, superoxide and reactive oxygen species, and reversing the drug resistance via regulating a series of important tumor-related signaling pathway. For instance, ginsenoside Rh2 can activate CD4+ and CD8a+ T lymphocytes, promote their invasion, and enhance the killing effect of lymphocytes on B16-F10 melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, the number of tumor cells in the G0/G1 phase is increased significantly post treatment with ginsenoside Rh2 and 5-FU, by which the expansion and migration of tumor cells are effectively hampered. Additionally, the ginsenoside Rh2 downregulates the levels of drug-resistance-related genes (eg. MRP1, MDR1, LRP and GST), making colorectal cancer cells more sensitive to 5-FU. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rh2 plays multifunctional roles in both tumor treatment and tumor microenvironment immunomodulation, which may become a promising choice of medication for patients with tumors in the future. Reference [1] Xiaodan S, Ying C. Role of ginsenoside Rh2 in tumor therapy and tumor microenvironment immunomodulation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;156:113912. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113912 [2] Yang L, Chen JJ, Sheng-Xian Teo B, Zhang J, Jiang M. Research Progress on the Antitumor Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2. Am J Chin Med. Published online January 31, 2024. doi:10.1142/S0192415X24500095 BONTAC Ginsenosides BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of rare ginsenosides Rh2/Rg3, with pure raw materials, higher conversion rate and higher content (up to 99%). One-stop service for customized product solution is available in BONTAC. With unique Bonzyme enzymatic synthesis technology, both S-type and R-type isomers can be accurately synthesized here, with stronger activity and precise targeting action. Our products are subjected to strict third-party self-inspection, which are worth of trustworthy. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provided for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. BONTAC holds no responsibility for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
1. Introduction Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) compartmentalized in adipocytes can modulate adipocyte differentiation and gene expression, in addition to controlling glucose metabolism. White adipose tissue (WAT), one major adipose tissue, may be one of the direct target for NAD supplementation. 2. About WAT In contrast to brown adipose tissue (BAT), WAT contains a single lipid droplet and few mitochondria. WAT, once thought to be morphologically and functionally unremarkable, is in fact highly dynamic, with plasticity and heterogeneity, which is widely distributed in the subcutaneous tissues and around the internal organs. WAT plays a key role in a range of biological processes, such as maintenance of energetic homeostasis, processing and handling of glycans and lipids, blood pressure control, and host defence, with tight relationship with metabolic disorders such as diabetes. 3. The tissue-specific roles of NAD NMN is synthesized from NAM and NR by NAMPT and NRK, respectively. The synthesized NAD+ from NMN is used as a SIRT1 substrate, which leads to the recycling of NAD+ via the salvage pathway. In this process, NAD+ can exert different effects depending on the tissue. Remarkably, NAD precursors can control metabolic stress particularly via focusing on adipose tissue. 4. The effects of boosting NAD+ on WAT Supplementation of NMN and NR has been shown to reduce body weight and enhance insulin sensitivity in regular chow-fed aged wild-type mice and diet-induced obese mice, respectively. NAM supplementation diminishes fat accumulation in diet-induced obese mice. Additionally, both NMN and NR supplementation prevent inflammation even with different treatment duration. NAM administration boosts mitochondrial biogenesis and glutathione synthesis in WAT. Similarly, it is evidenced that NMN treatment in high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mouse model facilitates the recovery of Glutathione S-transferase Alpha 2 (Gsta2) gene expression in the liver. 5. The adipose-specific effects of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) NAMPT, one NAD regulator in WAT, is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. NAMPT plays a potential role in maintaining adipose tissue homoeostasis, as evidenced by the explicitly blocked adipocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis in vitro post treatment of NAMPT inhibitor FK866. For some reasons such as differences in sex, age, and/or basal levels of cellular NAD+ availability, there are various inconclusive results regarding the impacts of NAD+ metabolism on adipocytes in the adipocyte-specific NAMPT-deficient mouse model or in vitro cell models. Further investigation on the effects of NAD+ supplementation and the distinct functions of NAMPT in adipocytes is still needed. 6. Conclusion The importance of NAD metabolism in WAT has been highlighted. NAD has tissue-specific roles. Specifically, WAT may be one of the direct target for NAD supplementation. Supplementation with NAD+ precursors can reduce fat accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue. Reference Kwon SY, Park YJ. Function of NAD metabolism in white adipose tissue: lessons from mouse models. Adipocyte. 2024;13(1):2313297. doi:10.1080/21623945.2024.2313297 About BONTAC BONTAC has been dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 170 global patents as well as strong R&D team consisting of Doctors and Masters. BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of NAD and its precursors (eg. NMN and NR), with various forms to be selected (eg. endoxin-free IVD-grade NAD, Na-free or Na-containing NAD; NR-CL or NR-Malate). High quality and stable supply of products can be better ensured here with the exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology and Bonzyme Whole-enzymatic method. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provide for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. Under no circumstances will BONTAC be held responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities whatsoever (including, without limitation, any direct or indirect damages for loss of profits, business interruption or loss of information) resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.
1. Introduction According to the 2020 report of World Health Organization (WHO), there are approximately 2.3 million cases with breast cancer worldwide. Breast cancer has emerged as one of the most malignant tumor in females with significant incidence rate. Although great progress has made in improving the cure rate of early-stage breast cancer in recent years, advanced breast cancer is still hard to be cured. How to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis of early-stage breast cancer as well as prolong the survival of patients with advanced breast cancer is still a challenge in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Notably, ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) exerts prominent impacts on retarding the progression of breast cancer via strengthening the immune surveillance of natural killer (NK) cells, a kind of cytotoxic innate lymphocytes critical for tumor immune response. 2. The repressive role of GRh2 in the progression of breast cancer GRh2 hinders the growth, proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. Simply put, the body weight and tumor volume of model mice are markedly reduced post treatment of GRh2 (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). In addition, the proliferating rate of breast cancer cells is repressed by GRh2 in a dose-dependent manner (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg). Upon the treatment of GRh2 (20 mg/kg), the loss of lung capacity is obviously reduced and the lung metastases formed by MDA-MB-231 tumor cells are strikingly mitigated as well, with no apparent liver metastatic nodules. 3. The enhanced killing effect of NK cells on breast cancer cells following GRh2 treatment GRh2 exerts remarkable effects on retarding the progression of breast cancer via improving the killing ability of NK92MI cells. In a nutshell, the mRNA expression levels of killing mediators perforin and IFN-γ in NK92MI cell-breast cancer cell co-culture system are explicitly upregulated post GRh2 treatment. Strikingly, the reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer by GRh2 is almost counteracted upon the depletion of NK cells. Relative to that of the vehicle control, the amount of CD107a, a degranulation marker of NK cells, is overtly elevated in the presence of GRh2 (20 mg/kg), verifying the enhanced killing activity of NK cells on breast cancer. 4. The underlying molecular mechanism of GRh2 on potentiating the NK cell activity against breast cancer Breast cancer cells reduce the recognition by NKG2D through proteolytic shedding MICA mediated by ERp5 to escape NK cell surveillance. GRh2 interferes with the formation of soluble MICA (sMICA) by suppressing the expression of ERp5 to increase the contents of killing mediators from NK cells, thereby exerting striking effects on fighting against breast cancer. 5. Conclusion GRh2 potentiates the cytotoxic effect of NK cells and enhances the immune surveillance function of NK cells to fight against breast cancer, which may be a potent drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Reference [1] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660 [2] Yang C, Qian C, Zheng W, et al. Ginsenoside Rh2 enhances immune surveillance of natural killer (NK) cells via inhibition of ERp5 in breast cancer. Phytomedicine. 2024;123:155180. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155180 Product advantages of BONTAC ginsenoside Rh2 BONTAC is the first enterprise worldwide that can provide national mass production of ginsenosides (Rh2) by enzymatic synthesis, with pure raw materials, higher conversion rate and higher content (up to 99%). One-stop service for customized product solution is available in BONTAC. With unique Bonzyme enzymatic synthesis technology, both S-type and R-type isomers can be accurately synthesized here, with stronger activity and precise targeting action. Our products are subjected to strict third-party self-inspection, which are worth of trustworthy. Disclaimer This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provide for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC.